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Updated: May 24, 2025

Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography
Published on: March 12, 2021
The Physical Examination of the Throwing Shoulder
Andrew S Bi1, Laith M Jazrawi1, Steven B Cohen2
1Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, NYU Center for Musculoskeletal Care, 338 East 38th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA.
Abstract:
In the first part of this 2 part series, we describe the comprehensive evaluation of the overhead throwing athlete's shoulder. The physical examination of the throwing shoulder requires a comprehensive knowledge and familiarity with anatomy, kinesiology, pathology, and unique sporting demands. The history, systematic basic examination, and special testing of the rotator cuff, biceps and superior labrum anterior and posterior lesions, instability and labral pathology, and scapular dyskinesia will be covered in this review.
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