The Physical Examination of the Throwing Elbow

This section is dedicated to the comprehensive evaluation of the overhead throwing athlete's elbow. The elbow provides a unique diagnostic dilemma that requires extensive knowledge and appreciation of elbow anatomy and kinematics, given the extreme forces seen across the elbow during the overhead throwing motion, the superficial nature of the majority of anatomic structures, and the complex interplay among bony, ligamentous, musculotendinous, and neurologic structures. The physical examination of the ulnar collateral ligament, valgus extension overload syndrome, medial and lateral epicondylitis, posterolateral rotatory instability, tendon ruptures, and compressive neuropathies will be covered.