Panic Disorder in Patients With Vestibular Dysfunction: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Area of Science:

• Otolaryngology
• Psychiatry
• Epidemiology

Background:

• Vestibular dysfunction is a common condition affecting balance and spatial orientation.
• Panic disorder (PD) is a type of anxiety disorder characterized by sudden episodes of intense fear.
• The relationship between vestibular dysfunction and PD requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To determine the prevalence of panic disorder (PD) in individuals with vestibular dysfunction.
• To compare PD prevalence in patients with and without vestibular disorders.

Main Methods:

• A systematic literature search was conducted across major databases (CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PubMed, PsycINFO, SCOPUS) up to August 2024.
• Included were observational studies of adults with vestibular dysfunction and PD.
• Data extraction and risk of bias assessment were performed using established criteria.

Main Results:

• Ten studies involving 874 participants were analyzed.
• Patients with vestibular dysfunction showed a significantly higher prevalence of PD (7.4%) compared to controls (2.5%, p = 0.02).
• No significant difference was found in the risk of developing PD between groups (RR = 1.9, 95% CI: 0.4-8.1).

Conclusions:

• The prevalence of panic disorder is nearly three times higher in patients with vestibular dysfunction.
• These findings suggest that otolaryngologists should consider screening for PD in patients presenting with vestibular dysfunction.