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Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect

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In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...

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Crystal Field Theory
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2025

Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry Techniques for Determining the Structure and Mechanisms of Metal Ion Recognition and Redox Activity of Metal Binding Oligopeptides

Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry Techniques for Determining the Structure and Mechanisms of Metal Ion Recognition and Redox Activity of Metal Binding Oligopeptides

Published on: September 7, 2019

Metal cations switch geometry of β-cyclodextrin complexes.

Václav Kolařík¹, Aneta Hromádková¹, Adam Knirsch¹

¹Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Vavrečkova, 5569, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic. rvicha@utb.cz.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)

|April 16, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Metal cations influence how adamantylphenyl guests arrange within cyclodextrins. Ion size dictates whether guests bind to the primary or secondary rim of the cyclodextrin molecule.

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Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water

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Published on: August 2, 2012

Area of Science:

Supramolecular Chemistry
Host-Guest Chemistry

Background:

Cyclodextrins are conical macrocycles capable of forming inclusion complexes with various guests.
The orientation of guests within cyclodextrins can significantly impact complex properties.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the influence of metal cations on the supramolecular arrangement of adamantylphenyl guests within β-cyclodextrin.
To determine the role of cation size in directing guest inclusion within the cyclodextrin cavity.

Main Methods:

Synthesis of cationic adamantylphenyl guests.
Complexation studies with β-cyclodextrin in the presence of different metal cations.
Structural characterization of the resulting inclusion complexes.

Main Results:

Cationic adamantylphenyl guests exhibit two distinct binding modes within β-cyclodextrin.
Metal cation identity, specifically van der Waals radii, directs the formation of specific arrangements.
Larger cations favor binding at the secondary rim, while smaller cations promote binding at the primary rim.

Conclusions:

The size of metal cations is a critical factor in controlling guest orientation in cyclodextrin complexes.
This size-dependent control offers a method for fine-tuning supramolecular architectures.
Understanding these interactions is key for designing novel host-guest systems.