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Light-Responsive Mononucleotide Coacervates.

Edison Rafael Jimenez Granda1, Hedi Karoui1, Xavier Brilland1

  • 1Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, UMR 5031, 115 avenue du Dr. Schweitzer, Pessac, 33600, France.

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|April 17, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed minimal light-responsive coacervates using simple molecules. These synthetic protocells offer a new platform for energy-driven phase separation and controlled biomolecular release, advancing synthetic biology.

Keywords:
azobenzenescoacervatesnucleotidesphotochromismprotocells

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Area of Science:

  • Synthetic Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Origin of Life Studies

Background:

  • Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) forms biomolecular condensates in cells and is key for protocell assembly.
  • Dynamic micro-environments created by phase separation are crucial for cellular regulation and adaptive compartmentalization.
  • While cells use metabolic pathways for LLPS, protocells can leverage external stimuli like light, but existing light-responsive systems are complex.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a minimal, light-responsive coacervate system for energy-driven phase separation.
  • To investigate the use of low-molecular-weight species for creating tunable, light-responsive protocell platforms.
  • To explore light-controlled assembly and disassembly of synthetic protocells.

Main Methods:

  • Designed coacervates from mononucleotides and azobenzene-based amphiphiles with varying charge valency.
  • Utilized azobenzene photoisomerization to induce reversible phase transitions.
  • Investigated droplet behavior under UV irradiation and controlled biomolecular release.

Main Results:

  • Coacervates exhibited reversible phase transitions controlled by light via azobenzene photoisomerization.
  • High-valency azobenzene coacervates showed stability under UV with property changes; low-valency ones dissolved, enabling nucleotide release.
  • Achieved hierarchical droplet organization and light-actuated biomolecular localization within multiphase systems.

Conclusions:

  • Established a minimal platform for light-responsive synthetic protocells.
  • Demonstrated light-controlled dynamic compartmentalization using simple molecules.
  • Provided insights into de novo life-like systems and energy-driven phase separation.