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Related Concept Videos

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

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Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
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Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity01:21

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The human immune system is a complex defense mechanism that protects the body from harmful pathogens and foreign substances. It comprises two crucial components: innate and adaptive immunity.
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Internal cellular stress, such as cellular injury or hypoxia, triggers intrinsic apoptosis. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins are the primary regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. For example, during DNA damage, checkpoint proteins, such as Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM protein) and Checkpoints Factor-2 (Chk2) proteins, are activated. These proteins phosphorylate p53 which further activates pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bak, PUMA, and Noxa, and inhibits...
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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 16, 2025

Monitoring the Cancer-Immunity Cycle and Exploring Tumor Microenvironment Dynamics
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Role of Innate Immunity in Cancer.

Ann Mary Joseph1, Ahmad Al Aiyan1, Rekha Kumari2

  • 1Department of Veterinary Medicine (CAVM), United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE.

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The innate immune system, through its effector cells, plays a crucial role in detecting and responding to cancer. Understanding this interaction is key to developing new cancer therapies.

Keywords:
Immune signalingInflammationInnate immunityTME

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Cancer-immune interactions involve complex signaling that can either promote or suppress tumor growth.
  • The tumor microenvironment significantly influences the immune system's response to cancer.
  • While adaptive immunity is well-studied, the innate immune system's role in cancer surveillance is increasingly recognized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of innate immune cells and factors in tumor immune surveillance.
  • To highlight the importance of the innate immune system in cancer development and progression.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on innate immunity and cancer.
  • Analysis of cellular and soluble factors involved in the cancer-immune crosstalk.
  • Discussion of signaling pathways governing innate immune responses in tumors.

Main Results:

  • Innate immune cells detect molecular changes in the tumor microenvironment.
  • The balance of signals within the tumor microenvironment dictates the innate immune response.
  • Effector cells of the innate immune system are vital for tumor surveillance.

Conclusions:

  • The innate immune system is a critical component of anti-tumor responses.
  • Targeting innate immune pathways offers potential for novel cancer management strategies.
  • Further research into the cancer-immune interplay can lead to long-term cancer control.