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Pattern Recognition Receptors in Plant Immunity.

Mughair Abdul Aziz1, Azra Shamim1, Khaled Masmoudi2

  • 1Department of Integrative Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|July 7, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plant innate immunity uses pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) to defend against pathogens. Understanding their signaling pathways is crucial for enhancing plant defenses against diverse stresses, including climate change.

Keywords:
Climatic changesNLRsPRRsPathogensPlant immunityReceptors

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Plant innate immunity is a complex defense system against pathogens, involving pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs).
  • PRRs typically mediate pattern-triggered immunity (PTI), while NLRs are associated with effector-triggered immunity (ETI).
  • These distinct pathways are increasingly understood to converge, influencing responses to both biotic and abiotic stresses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of plant innate immunity, focusing on PRRs and NLRs.
  • To discuss recent advances in understanding PRR and NLR function, including their stress recognition and interplay.
  • To explore the modulation of plant immunity in response to climate change and identify targets for enhanced stress resilience.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of plant innate immunity mechanisms.
  • Analysis of PRR and NLR signaling pathways in response to biotic and abiotic stresses.
  • Exploration of plant immune responses in the context of global climatic changes.

Main Results:

  • PRRs and NLRs, while traditionally linked to PTI and ETI respectively, exhibit converging signaling pathways impacting overall plant immunity.
  • Interplay between PRRs and NLRs is critical for recognizing diverse stresses.
  • Plant immune systems are influenced by climatic changes, necessitating a deeper understanding of their signaling.

Conclusions:

  • A thorough comprehension of PRR and NLR molecular mechanisms is vital for improving plant defense against a broad spectrum of environmental challenges.
  • Identifying common and specific elements in plant immune signaling can lead to novel targets for enhancing stress resistance.
  • This knowledge is essential for developing resilient crops in the face of global climate change.