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Related Concept Videos

Computed Tomography01:10

Computed Tomography

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Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
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Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography01:27

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DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...
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Positron Emission Tomography01:29

Positron Emission Tomography

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Positron emission tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique involving radiopharmaceuticals — substances that emit short-lived radiation. Although the first PET scanner was introduced in 1961, it took 15 more years before radiopharmaceuticals were combined with the technique and revolutionized its potential.
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Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy01:05

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Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy or TIRF is an advanced microscopic technique used to visualize fluorophores in samples close to a solid surface with a higher refractive index, such as a glass coverslip. TIRF only allows fluorophores in proximity to the solid surface to be excited. When light from a medium with a lower refractive index (such as air) hits the glass coverslip at a critical angle, the light undergoes total internal reflection stead of passing through the glass.
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Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy01:18

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Optical microscopy uses optic principles to provide detailed images of samples. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek designed the first compound optical microscope in the 17th century to visualize blood cells, bacteria, and yeast cells. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes with enhanced magnification and resolution.
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Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction

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Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
Electron Tomography
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Updated: Sep 8, 2025

Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography of Retinal Circulation
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Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography of Retinal Circulation

Published on: September 18, 2012

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Optical Coherence Tomography.

Stephen H Tsang1, Tarun Sharma2

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. sht2@cumc.columbia.edu.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|July 30, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has revolutionized retinal disease diagnosis. Advancements from time-domain to spectral-domain and swept-source OCT offer faster, high-resolution imaging of the retina and choroid.

Keywords:
ChoroidOptical coherence tomographyRetina

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has significantly advanced retinal disease understanding since the early 2000s.
  • Initial time-domain OCT (TD-OCT) laid the groundwork for in-vivo imaging.
  • Subsequent technological leaps have improved imaging speed and resolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolution of OCT technology in ophthalmology.
  • To highlight the impact of different OCT generations on retinal and choroidal imaging.
  • To underscore the role of OCT in managing retinal diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of key technological milestones in OCT development.
  • Comparison of imaging capabilities across different OCT platforms (TD-OCT, SD-OCT, SS-OCT).
  • Discussion of the clinical implications of enhanced OCT imaging.

Main Results:

  • Time-domain OCT provided foundational cross-sectional retinal images.
  • Spectral-domain OCT (SD-OCT) offered increased speed and resolution.
  • Swept-source OCT (SS-OCT) further enhanced scanning speed and imaging depth, particularly for the choroid.

Conclusions:

  • OCT technology has progressed rapidly, enhancing diagnostic capabilities for retinal conditions.
  • Each OCT generation has built upon the last, offering progressively superior visualization of retinal and choroidal structures.
  • The continuous improvement in OCT imaging is crucial for the effective management of a wide range of eye diseases.