Immune System Involvement and Therapeutic Targets in Alzheimer's Disease: Insights from Transcriptomic Data Analysis

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition defined by the accumulation of amyloid-beta peptides forming neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. It is the most prevalent type of dementia, with symptoms presenting long after the onset of neuropathological alterations, complicating early diagnosis. AD likely results from a combination of age-related brain changes and various genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Integrating computational neuroscience with integrative medicine offers a promising holistic approach to understanding such complicated disorders. This study utilizes bioinformatic strategies to analyze transcriptomic data from AD patients and healthy individuals, in order to discover immune-related gene expression variations and pathways implicated in AD. The key DEGs identified in this analysis are HLA-DRB4, CD79A, and FCGR3B, which play important roles in immunological activities such as antigen processing and presentation, immunoglobulin synthesis, and cAMP-dependent kinase signaling. Pathway enrichment analysis further revealed immune system involvement, including important pathways associated with immune control and signaling. These findings emphasize the crucial role of immune dysregulation in AD pathophysiology and the potential of bioinformatics in uncovering novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets, thereby enhancing our understanding of AD's molecular mechanisms and contributing to holistic health strategies.