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Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
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Extraction of mandelic acid with ionic liquids: parametric study, model and process optimization with L-SHADE.

Alexandra Cristina Blaga1, Elena Niculina Dragoi2, Dan Cascaval1

  • 1"Cristofor Simionescu" Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iasi, Bld. D. Mangeron, no 67, 700050, Iasi, Romania.

Scientific Reports
|November 29, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents an efficient, eco-friendly method for extracting mandelic acid (MA) using hydrophobic ionic liquids (ILs). The optimized process achieves a 96.36% yield, enabling MA recovery and IL reuse for industrial applications.

Keywords:
ExtractionIonic liquidsMandelic acidNeural network

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Area of Science:

  • Chemical Engineering
  • Green Chemistry
  • Separation Science

Background:

  • Mandelic acid (MA) is a valuable aromatic α-hydroxycarboxylic acid used in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.
  • MA is a gentler alternative to glycolic acid for treating skin conditions like acne and wrinkles.
  • Efficient and sustainable extraction methods for MA are crucial for its industrial applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and optimize an innovative extraction method for mandelic acid (MA).
  • To investigate the use of hydrophobic ionic liquids (ILs) as efficient extractants for MA recovery.
  • To evaluate the regeneration and reusability of the ILs-based extraction system.

Main Methods:

  • Extraction of MA using hydrophobic ionic liquids ([P66614][Phos] and [P66614][Dec]) combined with heptane.
  • Optimization of extraction conditions including temperature, IL concentration, and pH.
  • Application of artificial neural network (NN) and L-SHADE algorithm for process simulation and optimization.
  • Regeneration of the organic phase using sodium carbonate for MA recovery and IL reuse.

Main Results:

  • The highest MA extraction yield of 96.36% was achieved at 25°C using 160 g/L [P66614][Phos] in heptane at pH 2.
  • The IL-based organic phase was successfully regenerated at 45°C with sodium carbonate.
  • The developed NN model accurately predicted extraction performance, and L-SHADE optimized the process conditions.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed ionic liquid-based extraction system is a highly efficient and environmentally friendly method for recovering mandelic acid.
  • This sustainable approach offers significant potential for industrial and cosmetic manufacturing.
  • The system allows for effective MA recovery and facilitates the reuse of IL extractants.