Non-Invasive Biomarkers for Eosinophilic Esophagitis: Latest Developments and Future Directions

Area of Science:

• Gastroenterology
• Immunology
• Allergy

Background:

• Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an emerging chronic esophageal inflammatory disease.
• It is a multifactorial disorder involving genetic, environmental, and immune factors, leading to type 2 inflammation.
• Symptoms like dysphagia and heartburn can mimic gastroesophageal reflux disease, complicating diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and categorize promising non-invasive or minimally invasive biomarkers for EoE.
• To enable earlier detection and reduce patient discomfort associated with current diagnostic methods.
• To guide personalized treatment strategies for EoE.

Main Methods:

• Literature review synthesizing current findings on EoE biomarkers.
• Categorization of biomarkers based on biological source (e.g., blood, saliva, stool).
• Analysis of biomarker potential for diagnosis, treatment assessment, and remission monitoring.

Main Results:

• Current EoE diagnosis requires invasive endoscopic biopsies.
• Repeated endoscopic procedures for diagnosis and monitoring are burdensome for patients and costly.
• Novel biomarkers are being investigated to offer less invasive diagnostic and monitoring alternatives.

Conclusions:

• Development of non-invasive biomarkers is crucial for improving EoE management.
• Biomarkers can potentially reduce the need for repeated endoscopies, enhancing patient experience.
• Identifying reliable biomarkers will support earlier diagnosis and personalized therapeutic approaches for EoE.