Intelligent In situ Printing of Multimaterial Bioinks for First-Aid Wound Care Guided by Eye-In-Hand Robot Technology

INSIGHT (INtelligent in situ printing Guided by Eye-in-Hand robot Technology), an innovative computer vision-enabled system that combines a depth camera with a 6-degree of freedom robot arm, empowering it to identify arbitrary areas at various angles through real time adjustments and to enable volumetric printing performed by dynamic image recognition based on color and contour differences is presented. Continuous targeting of multiple wounds at different locations is achieved. The optimized pneumatic valve synchronized with the INSIGHT can print multiple inks with diverse rheological properties to fabricate scaffolds and bandages with the capacity to treat various types of wounds. The design of dual printed modes, such as extrusion and spray, can significantly decrease printing time for large-scale wounds on an ex vivo porcine model. INSIGHT demonstrates its ability to treat diabetic wounds, using a microgel-based ink possessing an inherent porous microstructure to facilitate cell infiltration. In vivo verification highlights its adaptability to enable customized care for rapid emergency treatment of trauma patients.