Evolving Methodologies for the Analytical Determination of Metoclopramide.

Area of Science:

• Analytical Chemistry
• Pharmaceutical Analysis
• Pharmacokinetics

Background:

• Metoclopramide (MCP) is a widely used prokinetic and antiemetic.
• Accurate MCP determination is crucial due to its clinical use and dose-related adverse effects.
• Quality control, pharmacokinetic evaluation, and therapeutic monitoring necessitate reliable analytical methods.

Purpose of the Study:

• To critically review analytical techniques for metoclopramide (MCP) determination.
• To cover studies published over the last 25 years from major scientific databases.
• To focus on chromatographic, spectrometric, and electroanalytical methods.

Main Methods:

• High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is the most common method.
• Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) offers high sensitivity (pg-ng/mL detection limits).
• HPLC-UV methods are suitable for routine quality control due to cost-effectiveness.

Main Results:

• HPLC is robust and accurate for diverse matrices.
• LC-MS/MS is ideal for sensitive bioanalytical studies.
• Spectrometric and electrochemical methods with nanostructured electrodes show promise.

Conclusions:

• Challenges include MCP instability, matrix interferences, and cost.
• There is a need for robust, affordable, and portable analytical strategies for MCP.
• Continued development of analytical techniques is essential for MCP monitoring.