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Social Networks Influence Vaccine Confidence in Rural Black Americans.

Miranda Jones1, Anna Hooks, Kathryn A Stofer

  • 1Author Affiliations: Department of Family, Youth and Community Sciences, University of Florida/Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Gainesville, Florida (Ms Jones, Ms Hooks, Ms Morand, Ms Yates and Dr O'Neal); Department of Agricultural, Food, and Resource Economics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan (Ms Hooks); Department of Agricultural Education and Communication, University of Florida/Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Gainesville, Florida (Dr Stofer); Tobacco Research and Intervention Program (TRIP), Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida (Ms Yates); and Cooperative Extension, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, Florida (Ms Davis, Dr Worthen).

Family & Community Health
|February 2, 2026
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Summary

Social networks significantly influence vaccine confidence and uptake among rural Black Americans. Public health strategies should leverage these networks to improve vaccine acceptance and combat hesitancy.

Keywords:
Black Americanshealth driversminority healthrural healthsocial networksvaccine confidencevaccine hesitancy

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Health Disparities
  • Social Epidemiology

Background:

  • Vaccine-preventable diseases pose significant risks, particularly in rural and minoritized communities.
  • Low immunization coverage persists despite the effectiveness of vaccines.
  • Vaccine hesitancy has been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, impacting rural Black adults disproportionately.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify multilevel factors influencing vaccine confidence and uptake among rural Black American adults.
  • To understand the drivers of vaccine hesitancy and confidence in this population.
  • To inform public health interventions aimed at increasing immunization rates.

Main Methods:

  • Four focus groups were conducted with rural Black American adults (N=34).
  • Data were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using open-coding in MAXQDA 2022.
  • The social ecological model guided the analysis of contextual factors.

Main Results:

  • Multilevel variables were found to influence vaccine confidence in rural Black Americans.
  • Social networks emerged as a key factor shaping perceptions of vaccines.
  • These social influences operate across all levels of the social ecological model.

Conclusions:

  • Public health interventions must consider the role of social networks to increase vaccine uptake.
  • Enhancing the credibility of expert information through social networks is crucial.
  • Targeting social networks can improve vaccine confidence and combat hesitancy in rural Black communities.