Bilateral Mandibular Simple Bone Cysts: A Report of an Unusual Case

Simple bone cysts are intraosseous cavities that are surrounded by bony walls, and they are either empty or contain liquid and/or connective tissue. They have similar radiological findings to those of true cysts, but they do not have an epithelial lining and are thus regarded as pseudocysts. They are frequently asymptomatic and most often an incidental finding on radiographic examination. The purpose of this case report is to present a rare case of bilateral occurrence of mandibular simple bone cysts. A 23-year-old female patient presented to the Department of Oral Diagnosis and Radiology of the School of Dentistry, University of Athens. Her chief complaint was tenderness and discomfort in the posterior aspect of her mouth bilaterally. After taking medical history and conducting intraoral and extraoral examination, she was referred for panoramic radiography and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Upon examination of the panoramic radiograph, two large, well-defined, and well-corticated radiolucent lesions with scalloping along the roots of teeth were detected on the body of the mandible bilaterally. CBCT showed a slight buccal-lingual expansion of the cortical plates, as well as thinning of the lingual cortical plate. Bilateral simple bone cysts of the mandible are rare, and only a few have been reported in the literature. The prognosis is good, and recurrences are rare. Knowledge of clinical and radiographic features helps diagnose this entity successfully.