Non-invasive Imaging Techniques: From Histology to In-vivo Imaging

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Optics
• Molecular Imaging
• Spectroscopy

Background:

• Bridging the gap between ex-vivo and in-vivo analysis is crucial for molecular imaging.
• Sensitive imaging techniques are needed for detailed biological sample analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review advanced molecular sensitive imaging techniques.
• To introduce chemometric and machine learning methods for diagnostic applications.

Main Methods:

• Spontaneous Raman spectral imaging
• Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS)
• Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS)
• Second harmonic generation (SHG)
• Third harmonic generation (THG)
• Two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF)
• Fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM)

Main Results:

• Detailed descriptions of various molecular sensitive imaging techniques are provided.
• The review covers techniques applicable to both ex-vivo and in-vivo studies.

Conclusions:

• Molecular sensitive imaging techniques offer powerful tools for biological analysis.
• Integration with chemometrics and machine learning will advance diagnostic applications.