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Related Concept Videos

Magnetism01:30

Magnetism

Magnets are commonly found in everyday objects, such as toys, hangers, elevators, doorbells, and computer devices. Experimentation on these magnets shows that all magnets have two poles: one is labeled north (N) and the other south (S). Magnetic poles repel if they are alike and attract if unlike. Moreover, both poles of a magnet attract unmagnetized pieces of iron.
An individual magnetic pole cannot be isolated. No matter how small, every piece of a magnet contains a north pole and a south...
Two-Dimensional (2D) NMR: Overview01:12

Two-Dimensional (2D) NMR: Overview

The 1D NMR spectrum of large and complex molecules like natural products has complicated splitting patterns and overlapping signals, which can be easily interpreted using 2-dimensional (2D) NMR. Unlike 1D NMR, 2D NMR has two frequency axes that provide the coupling information between the nucleus A and nucleus B in a molecule. The process from which 2D spectra are obtained has four steps.
The first step is the preparation period, during which nucleus A is excited with a radiofrequency pulse.
Diamagnetism01:26

Diamagnetism

Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets.
Magnetic Field Due to Two Straight Wires01:18

Magnetic Field Due to Two Straight Wires

Consider two parallel straight wires carrying a current of 10 A and 20 A in the same direction and separated by a distance of 20 cm. Calculate the magnetic field at a point "P2", midway between the wires. Also, evaluate the magnetic field when the direction of the current is reversed in the second wire.
Magnetic Vector Potential01:15

Magnetic Vector Potential

In electrostatics, the electric field can be written as the negative gradient of the potential. In magnetostatics, the zero divergence of the magnetic field ensures that the magnetic field can be expressed as the curl of a vector potential. This potential is known as the magnetic vector potential.
Consider an ideal solenoid with n turns per unit length and radius R. If I is the current through the solenoid, the magnetic field inside the solenoid is expressed as the product of vacuum...
Magnetic Force01:18

Magnetic Force

In addition to the electric forces between electric charges, moving electric charges exert magnetic forces on each other. A magnetic field is created by a moving charge or a group of moving charges known as the electric current. A magnetic force is experienced by a second current or moving charge in response to this magnetic field. Fundamentally, interactions between moving electrons in the atoms of two bodies produce magnetic forces between them.
The magnetic force acting on a moving charge...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2026

A Standard and Reliable Method to Fabricate Two-Dimensional Nanoelectronics
07:12

A Standard and Reliable Method to Fabricate Two-Dimensional Nanoelectronics

Published on: August 28, 2018

Nanoelectronics with Two-Dimensional Magnets.

Bing Zhao1, Roselle Ngaloy1, Lalit Pandey1

  • 1Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296, Gothenburg, Sweden.

Nano Letters
|May 28, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Two-dimensional (2D) magnets offer precise control for spintronic devices. Advances in 2D magnets enable energy-efficient technologies by integrating spin, charge, orbital, and topological properties.

Keywords:
2D magnetaltermagnetismantiferromagnetismferromagnetismmagnetic tunnel junctionsneuromorphic computingspin valvespintronic memory and logicspin−orbit torque

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Last Updated: May 31, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Two-dimensional (2D) magnets are crucial for next-generation spintronic devices.
  • They enable atomic-scale control over magnetic properties, interfaces, and symmetry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in 2D magnetic materials, including ferromagnets, antiferromagnets, and altermagnets.
  • To highlight their potential for device applications in spintronics.

Main Methods:

  • Discussion of enhanced Curie temperatures, perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, and unconventional magnetic orders.
  • Analysis of spin-dependent transport in 2D heterostructures (magnetic tunnel junctions, lateral spin valves).
  • Exploration of field-free, energy-efficient spin-orbit torque magnetization switching.

Main Results:

  • 2D magnets exhibit device-relevant functionality due to improved magnetic properties.
  • Atomically sharp interfaces in 2D heterostructures allow tunable spin injection, propagation, and detection.
  • Unconventional spin currents drive efficient magnetization switching in 2D systems.

Conclusions:

  • 2D magnets are promising for tunable, energy-efficient spintronic technologies.
  • Integration of spin, charge, orbital, and topological degrees of freedom is key.
  • Challenges in switching determinism and torque efficiency need further research.