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Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Intra-Operative Neural Monitoring of Thyroid Surgery in a Porcine Model
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Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring During Spinal Cord Tumor Surgery.

Alessandro Boaro1, Federica Basaldella2, Francesco Sala1

  • 1Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University Hospital, Verona, Italy.

Neurosurgery Clinics of North America
|June 9, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Spinal cord tumor surgery has advanced significantly with technology like operative microscopes and intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM). This review covers IONM techniques, criteria, and future directions for improved patient outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Spinal Surgery
  • Neurological Monitoring

Background:

  • Intramedullary spinal cord tumor surgery has undergone significant technological evolution.
  • Key innovations include the operative microscope, bipolar coagulation, and MRI.
  • Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) emerged in the 1980s.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current state of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring techniques for spinal cord tumor surgery.
  • To discuss alarm criteria, recovery strategies, and controversies.
  • To explore future considerations in the field.

Main Methods:

  • Review of technological advancements in spinal cord tumor surgery.
  • Focus on the application and evolution of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring.
Keywords:
Corticospinal tract mappingD-waveDorsal columns mappingElectromiographyMotor evoked potentialsSomato-sensory evoked potentials

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  • Analysis of alarm criteria and management strategies.

    • Main Results:

    • Technological progress has dramatically improved surgical practice and patient outcomes.
    • Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring provides real-time assessment of spinal cord function.
    • Established criteria and strategies exist for managing neurophysiological alerts.

    Conclusions:

    • Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring is integral to modern intramedullary spinal cord tumor surgery.
    • Continued refinement of techniques and understanding of alarm criteria are essential.
    • Future advancements will likely further enhance surgical safety and efficacy.