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Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains

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A Miniaturized Microwave Magnetometer with High Frequency Resolution Based on Diamond NV Centers for

Yaozhong Tian¹, Bo Wang¹, Qiang Zhu²

¹State Key Laboratory of Extreme Environment Optoelectronic Dynamic Measurement Technology and Instrument, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China.

|June 26, 2026

Summary

This study presents a compact diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) magnetometer for detecting multiple microwave fields. The novel device offers high sensitivity and resolution, enabling advanced applications in localization and diagnostics.

Keywords:

NV center magnetometer microwave magnetic field quantum sensor

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Area of Science:

Quantum sensing
Optics and photonics
Materials science

Background:

Diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers offer excellent magnetic sensitivity for microwave sensing.
Traditional NV-based sensor platforms are bulky, limiting practical applications.
A need exists for miniaturized, high-performance NV microwave magnetometers.

Purpose of the Study:

To design and demonstrate a fiber-coupled, compact NV microwave magnetometer.
To enable simultaneous measurement of multiple microwave fields.
To reduce the sensor volume for enhanced portability and application.

Main Methods:

Integration of laser excitation, microwave antenna, and fluorescence collection modules into a single unit.
Utilized continuous heterodyne measurement and fast Fourier transform (FFT) for signal processing.
Developed a compact magnetometer with a volume of 13 cubic centimeters.

Main Results:

Simultaneous detection of multiple microwave fields with varying frequencies and power levels achieved.
Demonstrated a frequency resolution on the order of millihertz (mHz).
Achieved a microwave detection sensitivity of 0.385 nT/Hz^1/2.

Conclusions:

The compact NV magnetometer exhibits multi-microwave-field measurement capability.
The device's small form factor and high performance are suitable for practical applications.
Potential applications include microwave anomaly localization and medical diagnostics.