Integrating Artificial Intelligence and Technology in Surgical Practice

This article examines the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into the surgical workflow, tracing its impact from preoperative risk assessment to intraoperative guidance and postoperative surveillance. It addresses critical challenges, including data governance, ethical liability, and the "automation paradox" associated with clinician deskilling. As the field advances toward agentic AI and digital twins, the text advocates for surgeon-led AI literacy and cross-disciplinary collaboration. By evolving from reactive assistants to proactive systems, these technologies represent a paradigm shift aimed at reducing administrative burden and optimizing clinical outcomes through data-driven precision.