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Trauma to the cerebrovascular system

W I Bula1, D J Loes

  • 1Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota Hospital and Clinics, Minneapolis.

Neuroimaging Clinics of North America
|November 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

Head and neck trauma can cause cerebrovascular injuries, often missed in non-penetrating cases. Magnetic Resonance imaging offers a noninvasive method for diagnosing these vascular injuries and their neurological consequences.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Radiology
  • Vascular Surgery

Background:

  • Cerebrovascular trauma encompasses injuries like dissection, pseudoaneurysm, thrombosis, rupture, and arteriovenous fistula.
  • Diagnosis of vascular injury is often considered in penetrating trauma but may be overlooked in non-penetrating trauma.
  • Head and neck trauma necessitates consideration of vascular injury, particularly with neurological dysfunction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of considering cerebrovascular injury in head and neck trauma.
  • To discuss diagnostic modalities for cerebrovascular injuries.
  • To evaluate the role of MR imaging and MR angiography in noninvasive diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of diagnostic approaches for cerebrovascular injuries.
  • Emphasis on the utility of Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging and MR angiography.
  • Comparison with traditional diagnostic methods like intra-arterial angiography.

Main Results:

  • MR imaging and MR angiography can noninvasively diagnose cerebrovascular injuries.
  • MR techniques readily detect intracranial complications such as cerebral infarction and hemorrhage.
  • Intra-arterial angiography remains the gold standard but is invasive.

Conclusions:

  • Cerebrovascular injury should be suspected in all head and neck trauma patients, especially those with neurological deficits.
  • Noninvasive MR techniques offer a valuable alternative for diagnosing vascular injuries and their sequelae.
  • Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for managing patients with traumatic cerebrovascular injuries.

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