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Reducing flow artifacts in echo-planar imaging

G T Luk Pat1, C H Meyer, J M Pauly

  • 1Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, California 94305-9510, USA.

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
|March 1, 1997
PubMed
Summary
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Two novel methods, partial flyback and inside-out echo-planar imaging (EPI), reduce flow artifacts in MRI. Partial flyback improves readout flow, while inside-out EPI addresses phase-encode flow, enhancing image quality.

Area of Science:

  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Image Acquisition Techniques

Background:

  • Echo-planar imaging (EPI) is prone to significant flow artifacts, limiting its diagnostic utility.
  • Flow artifacts in EPI can arise from both readout and phase-encode directions, complicating image interpretation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and evaluate two novel techniques, partial flyback and inside-out EPI, for mitigating flow artifacts in echo-planar imaging.
  • To compare the effectiveness of these techniques individually and in combination for improving EPI data quality.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of a "partial flyback" strategy, utilizing only even echoes near k-space center to reduce readout-direction flow artifacts.
  • Development of "inside-out" EPI, initiating k-space acquisition from the center and acquiring outer regions in separate interleaves to minimize phase-encode flow artifacts.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Combination of partial flyback with partial-Fourier and inside-out EPI acquisition schemes.

    • Main Results:

    • Partial flyback successfully improved readout-flow properties at a minor cost to phase-encode flow and off-resonance characteristics.
    • Inside-out EPI effectively reduced artifacts from phase-encode direction flow.
    • The combined partial-flyback inside-out EPI demonstrated superior flow properties compared to partial-flyback partial-Fourier EPI, without necessitating partial k-space reconstruction.

    Conclusions:

    • Partial flyback and inside-out EPI are effective strategies for reducing flow artifacts in echo-planar imaging.
    • The combination of these techniques offers a promising approach to enhance EPI data quality, particularly in the presence of significant physiological flow.
    • These advancements hold potential for improving the reliability and diagnostic accuracy of EPI-based MRI sequences.