Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy01:15

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Sulfonylureas01:17

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Sulfonylureas

Sulfonylureas are oral hypoglycemic agents utilized in treating type 2 diabetes. They are characterized by their unique sulfonylurea chemical structure. The family of sulfonylureas is divided into generations. First-generation sulfonylureas, including tolbutamide (Orinase), chlorpropamide (Diabinese), and tolazamide (Tolinase), trigger insulin release from pancreatic β cells and enhance peripheral tissues' insulin sensitivity. The second-generation members, such as glipizide (Glucotrol),...
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones01:26

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones

Biguanides, particularly metformin (Glucophage), are insulin sensitizers that enhance glucose uptake, thereby reducing insulin resistance. Unlike sulfonylureas, metformin doesn't prompt insulin secretion, which helps to curb hypoglycemia risk. Metformin is beneficial in treating conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome due to its insulin-resistance reduction capability. The drug's primary action involves curtailing hepatic gluconeogenesis, a significant contributor to high blood glucose levels...
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides01:06

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides

Repaglinide (Prandin) and Nateglinide (Starlix), known as glinides, are oral insulin secretagogues that stimulate insulin release from pancreatic β cells by closing the ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP channel). Repaglinide controls insulin release from pancreatic β cells by managing potassium efflux. It shares two binding sites with sulfonylureas and also has a unique site, indicating overlapping mechanisms of action. With a rapid onset and a 4-7 hour duration, it effectively manages...
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: α-Glucosidase Inhibitors01:19

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: α-Glucosidase Inhibitors

α-glucosidase inhibitors, including acarbose (Precose), miglitol (Glyset), and voglibose (Voglib) (primarily available in Asia), are drugs that control blood sugar levels by delaying the digestion of starch and disaccharides. They achieve this by inhibiting α-glucosidase enzymes in the intestine, which slow the absorption of carbohydrates in the intestine, which in turn leads to a prolonged release of the glucoregulatory hormone GLP-1 from intestinal L-cells.
Acarbose and miglitol are typically...
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors01:23

Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors

Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) is a serine protease widely distributed in the body. It's involved in the inactivation of GLP-1 and GIP hormones, which are crucial for insulin regulation. DPP-4 inhibitors, such as sitagliptin (Januvia), saxagliptin (Onglyza), linagliptin (Tradjenta), alogliptin (Nesina), and vildagliptin (Galvus), help increase the proportion of active GLP-1, enhancing insulin secretion. These inhibitors work by competitively binding to DPP-4. This binding causes a significant...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Hypercalcemia due to subacute thyroiditis.

Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists·2004
Same author

Effect of an inhaled glucocorticoid, flunisolide, on bone mineral density: a 2-year prospective, controlled trial.

Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists·2001
Same author

Endocrine manifestations of Erdheim-Chester disease (a distinct form of histiocytosis).

Journal of internal medicine·1999
Same author

Promoting cost-saving generics.

American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists·1996
Same author

Hyperprolactinemia. Causes, consequences, and treatment options.

Postgraduate medicine·1996
Same author

PTHrP-mediated hypercalcemia in a calcitonin-producing islet cell tumor.

Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists·1995
Same journal

Diabetes and the risk of entrapment neuropathies of the upper and lower extremity - A propensity score-matched cohort study.

Journal of diabetes and its complications·2026
Same journal

Evaluation of the protective effects of liraglutide, dapagliflozin and their combination in rat kidneys of streptozotocin induced diabetes.

Journal of diabetes and its complications·2026
Same journal

From obesity guideline to diabetes practice: WHO GLP-1 recommendations between promise, uncertainty and global inequity.

Journal of diabetes and its complications·2026
Same journal

Impact of the AWGS2025 criteria on sarcopenia prevalence and microvascular complications in individuals with type 2 diabetes in Japan: a cross-sectional study.

Journal of diabetes and its complications·2026
Same journal

Clinical inertia in patients with type 2 diabetes: A retrospective cohort study using an electronic healthcare database in Japan.

Journal of diabetes and its complications·2026
Same journal

From static lipids to dynamic risk: The role of atherogenic index of plasma in prediabetes.

Journal of diabetes and its complications·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2026

An In Ovo Model for Testing Insulin-mimetic Compounds
06:09

An In Ovo Model for Testing Insulin-mimetic Compounds

Published on: April 23, 2018

Triple oral antidiabetic therapy

T B Kaye1

  • 1Camino Medical Group, Sunnyvale, California 94086, USA.

Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications
|January 7, 1999
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adding acarbose to metformin and sulfonylurea therapy significantly improves glycemic control in type II diabetes mellitus patients. This combination therapy enhances glycosylated hemoglobin levels, indicating better blood sugar management.

More Related Videos

Homogeneous Time-resolved Förster Resonance Energy Transfer-based Assay for Detection of Insulin Secretion
07:30

Homogeneous Time-resolved Förster Resonance Energy Transfer-based Assay for Detection of Insulin Secretion

Published on: May 10, 2018

Oral Combinational Antiretroviral Treatment in HIV-1 Infected Humanized Mice
06:07

Oral Combinational Antiretroviral Treatment in HIV-1 Infected Humanized Mice

Published on: October 6, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 29, 2026

An In Ovo Model for Testing Insulin-mimetic Compounds
06:09

An In Ovo Model for Testing Insulin-mimetic Compounds

Published on: April 23, 2018

Homogeneous Time-resolved Förster Resonance Energy Transfer-based Assay for Detection of Insulin Secretion
07:30

Homogeneous Time-resolved Förster Resonance Energy Transfer-based Assay for Detection of Insulin Secretion

Published on: May 10, 2018

Oral Combinational Antiretroviral Treatment in HIV-1 Infected Humanized Mice
06:07

Oral Combinational Antiretroviral Treatment in HIV-1 Infected Humanized Mice

Published on: October 6, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Pharmacology
  • Metabolic Diseases

Background:

  • Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) management often requires combination therapy.
  • Metformin and sulfonylureas are common first- and second-line treatments.
  • Some patients do not achieve adequate glycemic control with dual therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of adding acarbose to existing metformin and sulfonylurea regimens.
  • To assess the impact on glycemic control in inadequately controlled T2DM patients.
  • To determine if acarbose improves glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels.

Main Methods:

  • Acarbose was added to the treatment of 11 T2DM patients on metformin and sulfonylurea.
  • Glycosylated hemoglobin levels were measured before and after acarbose addition.
  • A comparison was made to assess the therapeutic efficacy.

Main Results:

  • One patient discontinued acarbose due to intolerance.
  • Ten patients completed the study, showing a mean HbA1c improvement of 1.4% (p=0.01).
  • Eight patients experienced a mean HbA1c reduction of 2.0%, while two saw worsening control.

Conclusions:

  • Acarbose addition to metformin and sulfonylurea therapy effectively improves glycemic control in T2DM.
  • This strategy offers a viable option for patients with suboptimal control on dual therapy.
  • Further research may explore long-term outcomes and patient tolerance.