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Related Concept Videos

Anatomical Positions01:11

Anatomical Positions

In anatomy, several standard anatomical positions are used as references for describing the position and orientation of different body parts. These positions help provide a common frame of reference when discussing anatomical structures. The anatomical position is the standard reference point for describing the body's position and orientation. In this position:
The body is upright, facing forward, and standing erect.
The feet are parallel and flat on the floor.
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An Assessment Method and Toolkit to Evaluate Keyboard Design on Smartphones
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The effects of split keyboard geometry on upper body postures.

David Rempel1, Dan Nathan-Roberts, Bing Yune Chen

  • 1Ergonomics Program, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA. david.rempel@ucsf.edu

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Summary

Adjusting split, gabled keyboard height to its lowest setting and using a mid-range slope (0 to -4 degrees) and opening angle (15 degrees) can optimize typing posture and reduce upper extremity strain.

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Area of Science:

  • Ergonomics
  • Human-Computer Interaction
  • Occupational Health

Background:

  • Split, gabled keyboards may alleviate upper extremity pain by improving wrist and forearm postures.
  • Understanding the impact of specific keyboard geometry adjustments is crucial for ergonomic design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate how opening angle, slope, and height of a gabled keyboard affect typing performance and upper extremity postures.
  • To identify optimal settings for split, gabled keyboards to enhance user comfort and reduce strain.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty-four experienced typists performed typing tasks on seven different gabled keyboard configurations.
  • Motion tracking system measured typing speed and various upper extremity postures (wrist, forearm, elbow).

Main Results:

  • Lower keyboard height reduced elbow height, wrist ulnar deviation, and forearm pronation.
  • Mid-range slopes (0 to -4 degrees) minimized wrist extension, forearm pronation, and elbow height.
  • A 15-degree opening angle appeared to balance reduced ulnar deviation without increasing forearm pronation or elbow separation.

Conclusions:

  • Setting split, gabled keyboards to the lowest height is recommended for optimal wrist, forearm, and upper arm posture.
  • Mid-range slopes and a 15-degree opening angle may offer the best ergonomic benefits.
  • Findings inform the design and adjustment of computer workstations and split keyboards for improved user health.