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Related Concept Videos

The Auditory Ossicles01:11

The Auditory Ossicles

The auditory ossicles of the middle ear transmit sounds from the air as vibrations to the fluid-filled cochlea. The auditory ossicles consist of two malleus (hammer) bones, two incus (anvil) bones, and two stapes (stirrups), one on each side. These bones develop during the fetal stage and are the ones to ossify first. They are fully mature at birth and do not grow afterward.
The aptly named stapes look very much like a stirrup. The three ossicles are unique to mammals, and each plays a role in...
Anatomy of the Ear01:16

Anatomy of the Ear

Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...
Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Endaural Endoscopic Atticoantrotomy (Retrograde Mastoidectomy) using a Constant Suction Bone-drilling Technique
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External auditory osteoma.

Peter N Carbone1, Brenda L Nelson

  • 1Department of Anatomic Pathology, Naval Medical Center San Diego, 34800 Bob Wilson Drive, San Diego, CA 92134-5000, USA. peter.carbone@med.navy.mil

Head and Neck Pathology
|December 21, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

External auditory canal (EAC) osteomas are rare benign tumors. Diagnosis involves clinical evaluation, imaging, and pathology, with surgery as the primary treatment for symptomatic cases.

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Pathology

Background:

  • External auditory canal (EAC) osteomas are uncommon benign bone tumors.
  • Etiology remains unclear, with chronic irritation and inflammation being suspected but unproven factors.
  • Symptoms like hearing loss, vertigo, pain, and tinnitus are infrequent.

Observation:

  • Osteomas are typically unilateral, solitary, and incidentally discovered.
  • Computed tomography (CT) shows a hyperdense mass originating from the tympanosquamous suture.
  • Histopathology reveals lamellar bone covered by periosteum and squamous epithelium.

Findings:

  • Distinguishing EAC osteomas from exostoses can be challenging, though clinical and radiographic data often suffice.
  • Histopathological differentiation between osteomas and exostoses is debated.
  • Osteomas consist of dense lamellar bone with minimal osteocysts within fibrovascular channels.

Implications:

  • Accurate diagnosis is crucial for appropriate management of EAC bony neoplasms.
  • Surgical excision is the standard treatment for symptomatic osteomas.
  • Asymptomatic patients may be managed with observation, avoiding unnecessary surgical intervention.