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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2026

Driving Simulation in the Clinic: Testing Visual Exploratory Behavior in Daily Life Activities in Patients with Visual Field Defects

Driving Simulation in the Clinic: Testing Visual Exploratory Behavior in Daily Life Activities in Patients with Visual Field Defects

Published on: September 18, 2012

Look-ahead fixations in curve driving.

Esko Lehtonen¹, Otto Lappi, Henri Kotkanen

¹Traffic Research Unit, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland. esko.lehtonen@helsinki.fi

|November 13, 2012

Summary

Drivers use look-ahead fixations for advance planning and anticipating vehicles on curves. Increased cognitive load shortened the lead time and distance of these crucial eye movements during driving.

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Area of Science:

Human-Computer Interaction
Cognitive Psychology
Automotive Engineering

Background:

Eye movements in driving are categorized into guiding and look-ahead fixations.
Look-ahead fixations are critical for anticipating future events and planning driving trajectories.

Purpose of the Study:

To quantify the lead time and distance of look-ahead fixations in curve driving.
To investigate the impact of cognitive load on look-ahead fixation behavior.

Main Methods:

Recorded eye movements of drivers in an instrumented vehicle on curved rural roads.
Developed a novel method to measure the lead time and distance of look-ahead fixations.
Manipulated cognitive load during the driving task.

Main Results:

Look-ahead fixations exhibit patterns related to the sequential structure of curves.
Cognitive load significantly reduced the lead time and distance of look-ahead fixations.
Findings suggest look-ahead fixations aid in planning driving lines and anticipating oncoming vehicles.

Conclusions:

Look-ahead fixations play a dual role in advance planning and hazard anticipation.
Cognitive load impairs the ability to look further ahead while driving.
Quantification methods are valuable for driver modeling and training programs.