Verruciform xanthoma: report of five cases.

Area of Science:

• Dermatopathology
• Oral Pathology
• Genitourinary Pathology

Background:

• Verruciform xanthoma (VX) is an uncommon clinicopathologic entity.
• It can affect the oral and genital mucosa, mimicking other conditions.
• Clinical diagnosis can be challenging, leading to misdiagnosis as viral warts or leukoplakia.

Purpose of the Study:

• To describe the clinical and histopathologic features of verruciform xanthoma.
• To highlight diagnostic challenges and confirm histopathology's role.
• To report outcomes following surgical management.

Main Methods:

• Case series describing five male patients with verruciform xanthoma.
• Clinical presentation and lesion characteristics were documented.
• Histopathological examination was performed for definitive diagnosis.

Main Results:

• Five male patients presented with single, verrucous lesions (0.5-2 cm).
• Lesions were located in the oral cavity (2), genital mucosa (2), and scrotal skin (1).
• Histopathology revealed epidermal hyperplasia, foamy histiocytes, parakeratosis, and plasma cell infiltrate.

Conclusions:

• Verruciform xanthoma is a distinct entity requiring histopathologic confirmation.
• It can be mistaken for benign, premalignant, or malignant lesions.
• Surgical excision appears curative with no reported recurrences in oral cases.