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Highlighting and Reducing the Impact of Negative Aging Stereotypes During Older Adults' Cognitive Testing
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Stereotype threat can reduce older adults' memory errors.

Sarah J Barber1, Mara Mather

  • 1a Davis School of Gerontology , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , CA , USA.

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology (2006)
|October 18, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Stereotype threat can reduce memory errors in older adults by increasing focus on avoiding mistakes. This leads to fewer false memories, though it may also decrease accurate recall.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Social Psychology

Background:

  • Stereotype threat negatively impacts older adults' memory recall.
  • The regulatory focus theory suggests threat induces a prevention focus, emphasizing error avoidance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if stereotype threat can benefit older adults' memory by reducing errors.
  • To examine the effect of stereotype threat on false memory formation in older adults.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments were conducted involving older adults.
  • Participants completed free-recall and recognition memory tests under stereotype threat conditions.

Main Results:

  • Older adults under stereotype threat exhibited lower intrusion rates in free recall.
  • Stereotype threat led to reduced false alarms and more conservative response criteria in recognition tasks.

Conclusions:

  • Stereotype threat can decrease false memories in older adults.
  • This benefit comes with a potential trade-off of reduced veridical memory recall.