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Approach to metabolic alkalosis
Jennifer T Soifer1, Hyung T Kim1
1Department of Emergency Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1200 North State Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America
|April 29, 2014
Summary
Metabolic alkalosis, a frequent hospital disorder, arises from increased bicarbonate or hydrogen ion loss. Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause of this acid-base imbalance.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Internal Medicine
- Acid-Base Physiology
Background:
- Metabolic alkalosis is a prevalent acid-base disturbance in hospitalized patients.
- It represents a significant portion of all acid-base disorders encountered in clinical settings.
- Understanding its pathophysiology is crucial for effective patient management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the common causes and classification of metabolic alkalosis.
- To outline the diagnostic approach to metabolic alkalosis.
- To discuss the principles of treatment for metabolic alkalosis.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of metabolic alkalosis.
- Classification of metabolic alkalosis into etiological categories.
- Summary of current treatment strategies.
Main Results:
- Metabolic alkalosis results from increased bicarbonate production, decreased excretion, or hydrogen ion loss.
- Major causes include chloride depletion, mineralocorticoid excess, apparent mineralocorticoid excess, and excess alkali administration.
- Treatment is primarily supportive and guided by the specific etiology.
Conclusions:
- Metabolic alkalosis is a common and complex acid-base disorder.
- Categorization of causes aids in diagnosis and management.
- Tailored treatment based on the underlying cause is essential for resolution.
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