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Cancer Biomarkers Discovery and Validation: State of the Art, Problems and Future Perspectives
Alvaro Mordente1, Elisabetta Meucci2, Giuseppe Ettore Martorana2
1Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168, Roma, Italy. alvaro.mordente@rm.unicatt.it.
Abstract:
Cancer is one of the major public health problems worldwide representing the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in industrialized countries. To reduce cancer morbidity and mortality as well as to facilitate the evolution from the traditional "one size fits all" strategy to a new "personalized" cancer therapy (i.e., the right drug to the right patient at the right time, using the right dose and schedule), there is an urgent need of reliable, robust, accurate and validated cancer biomarker tests.Unfortunately, despite the impressive advances in tumor biology research as well as in high-powerful "omics" technologies, the translation of candidate cancer biomarkers from bench to bedside is lengthy and challenging and only a few tumor marker tests have been adopted successfully into routine clinical care of oncologic patients.This chapter provides an updated background on biomarkers research in oncology, including biomarkers clinical uses, and discusses the problems of discovery pipeline, biomarkers failures and future perspectives.
Insights
Developing reliable cancer biomarker tests is crucial for personalized cancer therapy. Challenges remain in translating these biomarkers from research to clinical practice, impacting patient care.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Biomarker Discovery
- Translational Research
Background:
- Cancer is a leading cause of death globally, necessitating advancements beyond "one size fits all" treatments.
- Personalized cancer therapy requires validated biomarker tests for precise patient-tailoring.
- Despite progress in tumor biology and omics technologies, biomarker translation faces significant hurdles.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide an updated overview of biomarker research in oncology.
- To discuss the clinical applications and challenges of cancer biomarkers.
- To explore the future perspectives of biomarker development and implementation.
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature on cancer biomarker research.
- Analysis of the biomarker discovery pipeline and associated failures.
- Discussion of omics technologies and their role in biomarker identification.
Main Results:
- Few candidate cancer biomarkers have successfully transitioned to routine clinical use.
- The path from biomarker discovery to clinical application is complex and lengthy.
- Significant challenges exist in validating biomarker tests for oncologic patients.
Conclusions:
- Reliable and validated cancer biomarker tests are essential for personalized oncology.
- Overcoming translational challenges is key to improving cancer treatment efficacy.
- Future research should focus on robust validation and clinical integration of biomarkers.
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