Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Carbon Skeletons01:12

Carbon Skeletons

116.4K
Life on Earth is carbon-based, as all macromolecules that make up living organisms contain carbon atoms. All organic compounds have a carbon backbone. Each carbon atom is tetravalent and can bond with four other atoms, making it an extraordinarily flexible component of biological molecules. Because carbon’s valence electrons are stable, it rarely becomes an ion. As the carbon chain increases in length, structural modifications such as ring structures, double bonds, and branching side...
116.4K
Structure of Conjugated Dienes01:16

Structure of Conjugated Dienes

8.0K
Introduction
Conjugated dienes are compounds characterized by the presence of alternating double and single bonds. In a conjugated system like 1,3-butadiene, the unhybridized 2p orbital on each carbon overlaps continuously, allowing the π electrons to be delocalized across the entire molecule. In contrast, this type of overlap does not occur in cumulated and isolated dienes, such as 2,3-pentadiene and 1,4-pentadiene, respectively. Instead, the π electrons remain localized between the double...
8.0K
Newman Projections02:06

Newman Projections

23.0K
Different notations are used to represent the three-dimensional structure of molecules on two-dimensional surfaces. One of the most commonly used representations is the dash-wedge formula. The dashed wedges, solid wedges, and the plane lines indicate the groups situated behind the plane, coming out of the plane, and in the plane, respectively.
The organic molecules rotate across the single bonds leading to numerous temporary three-dimensional structures of varying energy known as...
23.0K
Chair Conformation of Cyclohexane02:02

Chair Conformation of Cyclohexane

20.3K
The chair conformation is the most stable form of cyclohexane due to the absence of angle and torsional strain. The absence of angle strain is a result of cyclohexane’s bond angle being very close to the ideal tetrahedral bond angle of 109.5° in its chair conformer. Similarly, the torsional strain is also absent owing to the perfectly staggered arrangement of bonds.
The hydrogen atoms linked to carbons are arranged in two different axial and equatorial orientations to achieve this...
20.3K
Molecular Shapes01:18

Molecular Shapes

63.1K
Molecules have characteristic shapes that are crucial for their function. The arrangement of various electron groups around the central atom dictates their molecular geometry. Electron pairs in the valence shell of a central atom will adopt an arrangement that minimizes repulsions between the electron pairs by maximizing the distance between them. The valence electrons form either bonding pairs, located primarily between bonded atoms, or lone pairs.
Two regions of electron density in a diatomic...
63.1K
Constitutional Isomers of Alkanes02:18

Constitutional Isomers of Alkanes

23.8K
Organic compounds of the same molecular formula can have different structural formulas called constitutional isomers, and the phenomenon is known as constitutional isomerism. Alkanes with four or more carbons showing multiple structures with the same molecular formula thereby exhibit constitutional isomerism.
The linear isomer of an alkane is prefixed by the term “n”; hence a linear isomer of pentane is known as n-pentane. Based on the type of branching, some of the...
23.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Selective Defect Engineering for Gate-Controlled yet Contact-Transparent Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>Se Transistors.

ACS nano·2026
Same author

Stable Analog Weight Programming in Single-Crystalline van der Waals Ferroelectric Transistors for Reliable Computing-in-Memory.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026
Same author

Experimentally Mapping the Elemental Doping of MoS<sub>2</sub> Monolayer.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026
Same author

Crafting moiré superlattices in twisted complex oxide-transition metal dichalcogenide heterostructures.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Chromatic and spherical aberration correction with hexapole and quadrupole fields.

Ultramicroscopy·2026
Same author

Intelligent Tactile Perception Revolution: Innovations in Flexible FET-Based Tactile Sensors for Next-Gen Human-Machine Interfaces.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026
Same journal

Intrinsic Superconducting Gap in Bilayer KCa<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>4</sub>As<sub>4</sub>F<sub>2</sub> and Decoupled Monolayer FeAs.

Nano letters·2026
Same journal

Programmable Hydrogen-Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition Growth and Bipolar Transport in Two-Dimensional MoO<sub>2</sub> Nanoflakes.

Nano letters·2026
Same journal

A Curvature-Modulated Strategy for Single-Atom Catalysts toward Reciprocal Regulation in Li-S Batteries.

Nano letters·2026
Same journal

Vacuum Pyrolysis Engineered CoSb/C Scaffold for Sodium Metal Anodes with Sodiophilic and Superionic Interphase.

Nano letters·2026
Same journal

Hexagonal SiGe Quantum Dots in Nanowires.

Nano letters·2026
Same journal

Monolithic Axial InGaAs Quantum Dot Emitters in GaAs-Based Nanowires via Sb-Mediated Facet Engineering.

Nano letters·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 9, 2026

Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives
09:22

Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives

Published on: February 7, 2017

8.3K

Unexpected Huge Dimerization Ratio in One-Dimensional Carbon Atomic Chains.

Yung-Chang Lin1, Shigeyuki Morishita2, Masanori Koshino1

  • 1National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan.

Nano Letters
|December 23, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Free-standing carbon atomic chains exhibit significant distortion at high temperatures, exceeding theoretical predictions by tenfold. This finding challenges simple models of one-dimensional crystals, revealing their sensitivity to external conditions.

Keywords:
EELSGraphenePeierls distortionSTEMcarbon atomic chaincarbon dimerizing

More Related Videos

Atomic Scale Structural Studies of Macromolecular Assemblies by Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
14:55

Atomic Scale Structural Studies of Macromolecular Assemblies by Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Published on: September 17, 2017

16.1K
Preparation and Characterization of C60/Graphene Hybrid Nanostructures
08:40

Preparation and Characterization of C60/Graphene Hybrid Nanostructures

Published on: May 15, 2018

10.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 9, 2026

Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives
09:22

Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives

Published on: February 7, 2017

8.3K
Atomic Scale Structural Studies of Macromolecular Assemblies by Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
14:55

Atomic Scale Structural Studies of Macromolecular Assemblies by Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Published on: September 17, 2017

16.1K
Preparation and Characterization of C60/Graphene Hybrid Nanostructures
08:40

Preparation and Characterization of C60/Graphene Hybrid Nanostructures

Published on: May 15, 2018

10.1K

Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • The Peierls theory predicted atomic distortion in one-dimensional (1D) crystals due to inherent instability.
  • Free-standing carbon atomic chains, created in situ within a transmission electron microscope (TEM), serve as an experimental model for observing dimerization.
  • Understanding the behavior of 1D systems is crucial for developing novel electronic and mechanical devices.

Discussion:

  • Experimental observation of free-standing carbon atomic chains at 773 K revealed an unexpectedly large distortion, approximately 10 times greater than predicted.
  • This highly distorted phase is dominant at elevated temperatures, while both distorted and undistorted phases coexist at lower temperatures.
  • Atom-by-atom spectroscopy confirmed variations in carbon 1s spectra, indicating a downshifted π* peak characteristic of sp¹ bonding.

Key Insights:

  • Realistic 1D structures are highly sensitive to perturbations like external forces and boundary conditions.
  • The simple 'relaxed and straight' model is insufficient for describing the complex behavior of finite-length carbon atomic chains.
  • Temperature plays a critical role in the observed atomic distortion and phase coexistence in these 1D systems.

Outlook:

  • Further research into the influence of external factors on 1D atomic chains could lead to new material design principles.
  • Exploring the dynamic behavior and phase transitions in other 1D nanomaterials could reveal similar structure-property relationships.
  • This study opens avenues for precisely controlling and manipulating atomic structures in 1D systems for advanced applications.