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Omics Biomarkers in Ophthalmology.
Susette Lauwen1, Eiko K de Jong1, Dirk J Lefeber2
1Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
|May 20, 2017
Summary
Omics technologies are revolutionizing eye disease research by identifying disease mechanisms and biomarkers. While genomics shows promise in age-related macular degeneration, integrating various omics data is key for personalized treatments.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Genomics
- Proteomics
- Metabolomics
Background:
- Omics technologies offer high-throughput analysis of biological systems.
- These approaches are increasingly vital for understanding ophthalmic diseases, discovering biomarkers, and identifying therapeutic targets.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the application of omics techniques in various eye diseases.
- To assess the current state and future potential of omics in ophthalmology.
Main Methods:
- Review of omics studies in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), retinal detachment (RD), myopia, glaucoma, Fuchs' corneal dystrophy (FCD), cataract, keratoconus, and dry eyes.
- Analysis of genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic data in ophthalmic research.
Main Results:
- Genomic analyses have significantly explained heritability in AMD but less so in other eye diseases.
- Transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics studies identified candidate proteins and pathways but often suffer from small sample sizes and lack of replication.
- Larger sample sizes and cross-cohort validation are crucial for translating omics findings into clinical biomarkers.
Conclusions:
- Omics studies in ophthalmology are growing, with potential for future clinical applications.
- Integrating genomics with other omics data can enhance predictive test accuracy.
- Future omics research may enable patient stratification and personalized ophthalmic treatments.
