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Electrical Synapses

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Electrical synapses found in all nervous systems play important and unique roles. In these synapses, the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes are very close together (3.5 nm) and are actually physically connected by channel proteins forming gap junctions.
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Neurons communicate with one another by passing on their electrical signals to other neurons. A synapse is the location where two neurons meet to exchange signals. At the synapse, the neuron that sends the signal is called the presynaptic cell, while the neuron that receives the message is called the postsynaptic cell. Note that most neurons can be both presynaptic and postsynaptic, as they both transmit and receive information.
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Emulating Bilingual Synaptic Response Using a Junction-Based Artificial Synaptic Device.

He Tian1, Xi Cao2, Yujun Xie3

  • 1Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California , 3737 W Way, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States.

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|June 29, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel artificial synaptic device mimicking biological synapses. The device dynamically reconfigures between excitatory and inhibitory effects, enhancing neuromorphic computing capabilities.

Keywords:
artificial synaptic deviceblack phosphorusreconfigurabilitytin selenidetwo-dimensional heterojunctions

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Materials Science
  • Electronic Engineering

Background:

  • Synaptic responses (excitatory and inhibitory) are crucial for nervous system function.
  • Co-release of glutamate and GABA in biological synapses allows for dynamic excitatory/inhibitory reconfiguration.
  • Conventional artificial synapses lack this dynamic reconfigurability, limiting neuromorphic system versatility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an artificial synaptic device capable of mimicking the dynamic excitatory and inhibitory effects observed in biological synapses.
  • To enhance the functionality and versatility of neuromorphic electronic systems for tasks like learning and cognition.
  • To create a device distinct from conventional artificial synapses in operation and biological equivalence.

Main Methods:

  • Demonstrated an ambipolar junction synaptic device utilizing a black phosphorus and tin selenide heterojunction.
  • Exploited tunable electronic properties of the heterojunction for synaptic state mimicry.
  • Employed electrical biases at presynaptic or postsynaptic terminals for dynamic reconfigurability.

Main Results:

  • Successfully mimicked dynamic reconfigurability between excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic effects.
  • Achieved potentiation, depression, and spike-timing-dependent plasticity in both excitatory and inhibitory modes.
  • Device operation relies solely on electrical biases, differing from conventional heterosynaptic devices.

Conclusions:

  • The developed artificial synaptic device offers dynamic reconfigurability, mimicking biological synapse functions.
  • This advancement holds potential for enabling novel functionalities in hardware-based artificial neural networks.
  • The device provides a new paradigm for artificial synaptic devices beyond conventional transistor and memristor types.