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Related Concept Videos

Voltage-gated Ion Channels01:26

Voltage-gated Ion Channels

10.9K
Voltage-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that open and close in response to changes in the membrane potential. They are present on the membranes of all electrically excitable cells such as neurons, heart, and muscle cells.
Generally, all voltage-gated ion channels have a 'voltage-sensing domain' that spans the lipid bilayer. The charged residues in the sensor move in response to the membrane potential changes that open the channel allowing ions movement. There are several types of...
10.9K
Non-gated Ion Channels01:24

Non-gated Ion Channels

8.3K
Ion channels are specialized proteins on the plasma membrane that allow charged ions to pass down their electrochemical gradient. Their main function is to maintain the membrane potential which is critical for cell viability. These channels are either gated or non-gated and can transport more than a thousand ions within milliseconds for the cellular event to occur.
Compared to the gated ion channels, the non-gated channels, also known as leakage or passive channels, have no gating mechanism....
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Mechanically-gated Ion Channels01:12

Mechanically-gated Ion Channels

7.8K
Mechanically-gated ion channels are proteins found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell membranes that open in response to mechanical stress. Tension, compression, swelling, and shear stress can alter the conformation of the protein, opening a transmembrane channel that allows the passage of ions for signal transmission. In eukaryotes, mechanically-gated channels are distributed in several regions like the neurons, lungs, skin, bladder, and heart, where they play critical roles in numerous...
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Ligand-gated Ion Channels01:19

Ligand-gated Ion Channels

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Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins with a channel for ions to pass through and a binding site for a ligand. The channel opens only when a ligand attaches to the binding site.
Three Subfamilies of Ligand-gated Ion Channels
Ligand-gated ion channels fall into three subfamilies. The 'Cys-loop' includes the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors. The second one is the 'Pore-loop' channels that...
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G-Protein Gated Ion Channels01:21

G-Protein Gated Ion Channels

5.8K
GPCRs are primarily responsible for our sense of smell, taste, and vision.  The binding of a sensory stimulus activates GPCR to stimulate effector proteins, many of which are ion channels in the sensory organs. GPCRs modulate the opening and closing of the target ion channels either directly by binding them, or by releasing second messengers that activate these channels. As ions move across the membrane, the membrane potential is altered, which induces an appropriate response.
Sensory...
5.8K
Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism01:30

Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism

4.1K
Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that play a vital role in intercellular communication and functions of the nervous system. They allow the influx of ions across the membrane once the neurotransmitter binds, allowing the subsequent transmission of electrical excitation across the neurons. Other ligand-gated ion channels, like the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, permit anions like chloride into the cells on the binding of the GABA molecule. Their entry into the cell...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 8, 2026

Profiling Voltage-gated Potassium Channel mRNA Expression in Nigral Neurons using Single-cell RT-PCR Techniques
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Profiling Voltage-gated Potassium Channel mRNA Expression in Nigral Neurons using Single-cell RT-PCR Techniques

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[VOLTAGE-GATED CALCIUM CHANNELS: CLASSIFICATION AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES (PART I).]

O Iegorova, O Maximyuk, A Fisyunov

    Fiziolohichnyi Zhurnal (Kiev, Ukraine : 1994)
    |July 6, 2018
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    Voltage-gated calcium channels control vital cell functions like neurotransmitter release and gene expression. This review details their classification, structure, and properties in mammalian cells.

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    Optimized Transfection Strategy for Expression and Electrophysiological Recording of Recombinant Voltage-Gated Ion Channels in HEK-293T Cells
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    Area of Science:

    • Cellular Biology
    • Neuroscience
    • Pharmacology

    Background:

    • Voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) are crucial for numerous physiological processes.
    • Their roles span synaptic transmission, gene regulation, and cellular excitability.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To provide a modern classification of VGCCs.
    • To describe the molecular structure of VGCCs.
    • To outline the physiological and pharmacological properties of mammalian VGCCs.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of scientific reports.
    • Analysis of classification systems for VGCCs.
    • Synthesis of data on molecular structure and function.

    Main Results:

    • VGCCs are classified based on their molecular and functional characteristics.
    • Detailed descriptions of the subunit composition and structure of different VGCC types.
    • Summary of ion selectivity, gating mechanisms, and pharmacological modulation.

    Conclusions:

    • Understanding VGCCs is essential for comprehending cellular signaling.
    • This review consolidates current knowledge on VGCCs in mammalian systems.
    • Provides a foundation for future research and therapeutic development.