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Good + Bad = ? Developmental Differences in Balancing Gains and Losses in Value-Based Decisions From Memory
Sebastian S Horn1,2, Rui Mata3, Thorsten Pachur1
1Max Planck Institute for Human Development.
Child Development
|January 16, 2019
Summary
Children
Area of Science:
- Cognitive Neuroscience
- Developmental Psychology
Background:
- Value-based decisions rely on comparing benefits and costs from memory.
- Understanding the developmental trajectory of these decisions is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the development of value-based decision-making in children and young adults.
- To identify cognitive factors influencing decision-making across different age groups.
Main Methods:
- Participants (9-10, 11-12 year olds, and adults) learned symbol-magnitude associations.
- A rapid object evaluation task assessed decision-making performance.
- Cognitive modeling analyzed efficiency (drift rate) and non-decision time.
Main Results:
- All age groups demonstrated high performance and sensitivity to value.
- Children showed less efficient object evaluation and longer non-decision times than adults.
- Developmental differences were most pronounced for high positive net value items.
Conclusions:
- Core cognitive abilities for value-based decisions appear to develop early.
- Mnemonic and numerical abilities are linked to developmental differences in decision efficiency.
- Further research should explore the interplay of memory, numerical skills, and value-based choices.
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