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    We developed a novel waveguide sensor using silicon-on-insulator technology. This sensor achieves high refractive index sensitivity while remaining insensitive to temperature changes, eliminating the need for complex stabilization.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and optical sensing
    • Integrated photonics
    • Nanotechnology

    Background:

    • Waveguide sensors are crucial for detecting changes in refractive index.
    • Conventional sensors often suffer from temperature-dependent performance, limiting their practical use.
    • The Vernier effect offers a way to enhance sensor sensitivity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate a temperature-insensitive waveguide sensor.
    • To leverage the Vernier effect for enhanced sensitivity.
    • To create a robust sensor for practical applications without additional thermal management.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of a silicon-on-insulator waveguide sensor comprising a ring resonator and a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI).
    • Design optimization of the MZI to achieve temperature immunity by controlling the envelope peak position of the transmission spectrum.
    • Utilizing the Vernier effect by designing slightly different free spectral ranges for the ring and MZI.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved a bulk refractive index (RI) sensitivity of 3552 nm/RI unit.
    • Demonstrated a low temperature sensitivity of less than 4 pm/K, two orders of magnitude lower than conventional designs.
    • The sensor showed robustness without requiring polymer cladding or extra thermal stabilization.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed waveguide sensor effectively overcomes temperature-induced variations.
    • The integration of MZI parameter optimization and the Vernier effect leads to high sensitivity and temperature insensitivity.
    • This technology offers a robust and practical solution for various sensing applications.