Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 28, 2026
07:10
Measurement of the Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient and Transjugular Liver Biopsy
Published on: June 18, 2020
22.7K
Hepatitis B in Poland in 2016
Małgorzata Stępień1, Mirosław P Czarkowski1
1National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene in Warsaw, Department of Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases and Surveillance
Przeglad Epidemiologiczny
|February 28, 2019
Summary
In Poland, 2016 saw a slight decrease in acute hepatitis B cases, with no reported cases in vaccinated individuals under 20. However, chronic hepatitis B incidence rose slightly, primarily linked to medical procedures, highlighting the need for continued vaccination and safety protocols.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Hepatitis B remains a significant public health concern globally.
- Understanding its epidemiological trends is crucial for effective control strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the epidemiological situation of hepatitis B in Poland in 2016.
- To compare the 2016 data with previous years' trends.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of individual case data on hepatitis B and HBV infections registered by Local Sanitary-Epidemiological Stations.
- Utilized data from the Epidemiological Interview Registration System (SRWE).
- Incorporated aggregate data from annual bulletins on infectious diseases and vaccinations.
Main Results:
- In 2016, 3806 hepatitis B cases were registered, including 21 HBV/HCV co-infections.
- Acute hepatitis B cases decreased slightly to 50 (0.13 per 100,000 population).
- No acute cases were reported in individuals aged 0-20 years who received neonatal vaccinations.
- Chronic and unknown stage hepatitis B incidence increased by 8% to 9.77 per 100,000 population, predominantly affecting men and urban residents.
- Medical procedures were the likely transmission route for 73% of acute and 77% of chronic/unknown hepatitis B cases.
Conclusions:
- The overall epidemiological situation of hepatitis B in Poland did not change significantly from 2015.
- A slight increase in chronic/unknown hepatitis B may be attributed to increased testing and improved reporting completeness.
- The high proportion of cases linked to medical procedures underscores the importance of strict safety protocols and universal hepatitis B vaccination for unvaccinated individuals.
Related Concept Videos
01:08Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Dose Adjustments Due to Hepatic Impairment
270
Hepatic impairment, characterized by decreased liver function, does not uniformly mandate adjustments in drug dosage. Whether dosage modifications are necessary depends on various factors related to the drug's metabolism and elimination pathways. If a drug is primarily excreted via the kidneys and bypasses significant hepatic processing, if it undergoes minimal metabolic transformation in the liver, or if it is volatile and primarily expelled through the lungs, dose adjustments may not be...
270
01:21Hepatic Portal System
5.8K
The hepatic portal system, a critical part of our circulatory framework, transports nutrient-laden, deoxygenated blood from the gastrointestinal tract and spleen to the liver. This ingenious system plays an indispensable role in maintaining our body's metabolic equilibrium.
At its core, the hepatic portal vein is the result of a confluence of the superior and inferior mesenteric veins along with the splenic vein. Each of these veins has a unique role. The superior mesenteric vein is...
At its core, the hepatic portal vein is the result of a confluence of the superior and inferior mesenteric veins along with the splenic vein. Each of these veins has a unique role. The superior mesenteric vein is...
5.8K
01:26Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow
227
Chronic liver disease significantly impacts drug metabolism due to alterations in hepatic blood flow and enzyme accessibility. This disruption affects the body's pharmacokinetics—the movement and processing of drugs within the system. Key enzymes crucial for metabolizing medications become less accessible, changing how drugs are processed and utilized. Furthermore, liver disease influences the synthesis of plasma proteins, such as albumin and globulins, which play critical roles in drug...
227
01:16Hepatic Drug Excretion: Influencing Factors
564
The biliary system of the liver, crucial for bile secretion and drug excretion, comprises intrahepatic bile ducts that merge to form the common hepatic duct. This duct, carrying hepatic bile, combines with the cystic duct, draining the gallbladder and forming the common bile duct, which empties into the duodenum. Bile, produced by hepatic cells lining the bile canaliculi, is composed primarily of water, bile salts, pigments, electrolytes, and lesser amounts of cholesterol and fatty acids. Bile...
564
01:14Hepatic Drug Clearance: Role of Transporters
307
In the liver and bile canaliculi, influx and efflux transporters modification can influence intrinsic clearance. Transporters play a significant role in moving drugs within liver cells. Elaborate models, such as the Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS), are essential to relate transporters to drug disposition. This system categorizes drugs into four classes based on solubility and permeability, providing insights into elimination routes and the effects of transporters following oral...
307
01:17Hepatic Drug Excretion: Enterohepatic Cycling
2.8K
Enterohepatic cycling involves the active secretion of drugs and their metabolites into the bile via transporters in the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes. This secretion is an integral part of the digestive process, releasing these substances into the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
Post-release drugs and metabolites can be reabsorbed into the body from the intestine. For conjugated metabolites like glucuronides, reabsorption requires enzymatic hydrolysis by intestinal microflora. This...
Post-release drugs and metabolites can be reabsorbed into the body from the intestine. For conjugated metabolites like glucuronides, reabsorption requires enzymatic hydrolysis by intestinal microflora. This...
2.8K