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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 22, 2026

A Swin Transformer-Based Model for Thyroid Nodule Detection in Ultrasound Images

A Swin Transformer-Based Model for Thyroid Nodule Detection in Ultrasound Images

Published on: April 21, 2023

Evaluation of Thyroid Nodules.

Keri Detweiler¹, Dawn M Elfenbein², Daniel Mayers¹

¹Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, 333 City Boulevard West, Suite 1600, Orange, CA 92868, USA.

The Surgical Clinics of North America

|July 1, 2019

Summary

Most thyroid nodules are benign and incidentally discovered. Clinicians must identify concerning nodules using ultrasound and fine needle aspiration biopsy for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management.

Keywords:

Bethesda criteria Fine needle aspiration Thyroid nodule Thyroid ultrasound

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Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Diagnostic Imaging
Pathology

Background:

Thyroid nodules are common, with most being benign and discovered incidentally.
Distinguishing benign from potentially malignant nodules is crucial for patient management.
A systematic approach is necessary to evaluate patients with thyroid nodules.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide an overview of the initial diagnostic workup for patients presenting with thyroid nodules.
To outline the recommended imaging and biopsy techniques for evaluating thyroid nodules.
To guide clinicians in determining which thyroid nodules warrant further investigation.

Main Methods:

Review of current diagnostic guidelines and literature for thyroid nodule evaluation.
Emphasis on the role of ultrasound as the primary imaging modality.
Description of fine needle aspiration (FNA) as the preferred method for nodule sampling.

Main Results:

Ultrasound is the most effective imaging technique for characterizing thyroid nodules.
Fine needle aspiration biopsy provides accurate tissue diagnosis for suspicious nodules.
The majority of incidentally found thyroid nodules do not require surgical intervention.

Conclusions:

A stepwise approach involving ultrasound and, when indicated, fine needle aspiration is essential for the workup of thyroid nodules.
Early and accurate diagnosis facilitates appropriate clinical decision-making, avoiding unnecessary procedures.
This diagnostic strategy helps identify concerning thyroid nodules requiring further management.