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Related Concept Videos

The Replisome03:01

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DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
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Actin Polymerization01:42

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Actin polymerization occurs through the head-to-tail association of binding sites on monomeric actin or G-actin to form filamentous or F-actin. The polymerization can be divided into three phases ̶  nucleation, elongation, and steady-state phase.
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DNA Agarose Gel Electrophoresis02:35

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Agarose gel electrophoresis is a laboratory technique commonly used to separate DNA fragments by size. However, it can also be used to isolate and purify DNA fragments using a gel extraction protocol.
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Actin Polymerization and Cell Motility01:13

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Actin is a family of globular proteins that are highly abundant in eukaryotic cells. It makes up approximately 1-5% of total cell protein concentration. Actin monomers polymerize to form a complex network of polarized filaments, the actin cytoskeleton, that plays a crucial role in many cellular processes, including cell motility, division, endocytosis, and metastasis of cancer cells.
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ATP and Macromolecule Synthesis01:28

ATP and Macromolecule Synthesis

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Biological macromolecules are organic compounds, predominantly composed of carbon atoms. The carbon atoms are covalently bonded with hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and other minor elements. There are four major biological macromolecule classes: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
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Translesion (TLS) polymerases rescue stalled DNA polymerases at sites of damaged bases by replacing the replicative polymerase and installing a nucleotide across the damaged site. Doing so, TLS allows additional time for the cell to repair the damage before resuming regular DNA replication.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 12, 2025

Production of Dynein and Kinesin Motor Ensembles on DNA Origami Nanostructures for Single Molecule Observation
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Production of Dynein and Kinesin Motor Ensembles on DNA Origami Nanostructures for Single Molecule Observation

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Multicomponent DNA Polymerization Motor Gels.

Ruohong Shi1, Joshua Fern1, Weinan Xu1

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|August 11, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New DNA polymerization motor hydrogels change shape with specific DNA sequences. These versatile biomaterials offer tunable properties and biocompatibility for applications in medicine and robotics.

Keywords:
DNA nanotechnologyhydrogelsshape changesoft roboticstissue engineering

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Preparation of DNA-crosslinked Polyacrylamide Hydrogels
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Preparation of DNA-crosslinked Polyacrylamide Hydrogels
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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Hydrogels that respond to biochemical stimuli are crucial for advanced applications like biosensing, smart medicine, drug delivery, and soft robotics.
  • Existing stimuli-responsive hydrogels often lack precise control over shape change and mechanical properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a new family of multicomponent DNA polymerization motor hydrogels capable of shape change in response to specific DNA sequences.
  • To investigate the mechanism of DNA-induced swelling and explore the tunable mechanical and biocompatibility properties of these novel hydrogels.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of multicomponent hydrogels using different polymer backbones: acrylamide-co-bis-acrylamide (Am-BIS), poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA), and gelatin-methacryloyl (GelMA).
  • Utilizing a DNA polymerization motor mechanism involving sequential DNA hairpin insertions into hydrogel crosslinks to induce swelling.
  • Photopatterning hydrogels into distinct shapes and characterizing their mechanical properties (shear moduli) and biocompatibility with human cells.

Main Results:

  • Successfully created multicomponent DNA polymerization motor hydrogels that exhibit extensive swelling in response to specific DNA sequences.
  • Demonstrated tunable shear moduli ranging from 297 to 3888 Pa, indicating versatile mechanical properties.
  • Showcased enhanced biocompatibility, with human cells adhering to and remaining viable within GelMA-DNA gels during significant volumetric swelling (≈70%).

Conclusions:

  • The study establishes the generality of sequential DNA hairpin insertion as a mechanism for inducing shape change in various multicomponent hydrogels.
  • The developed polymerization motor gels offer a promising platform for creating sophisticated biomaterials with tunable properties and controlled responsiveness.
  • These findings suggest widespread applicability of DNA polymerization motor gels in biomaterials science and engineering for applications requiring precise shape-morphing capabilities.