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Adaptive Evolution of Feline Coronavirus Genes Based on Selection Analysis
Hongyue Xia1, Xibao Li1, Wenliang Zhao1
1College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
Biomed Research International
|September 14, 2020
Summary
Feline coronaviruses (FCoV) show adaptive evolution, with key genes experiencing both positive and negative selection. Most sites are conserved, but some positively selected sites may influence feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) severity.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Evolutionary Biology
- Comparative Genomics
Background:
- Feline coronaviruses (FCoV) encompass feline enteric coronavirus (FECV) and feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV).
- Understanding FCoV adaptive evolution is crucial for feline health and disease management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the adaptive evolution of FCoV by analyzing viral genome sequences from China and other countries.
- To identify potential genetic changes associated with FCoV virulence and host adaptation.
Main Methods:
- Phylogenetic analysis of FCoV partial genome sequences (nsp12-nsp14, S, N, 7b genes).
- Assessment of viral recombination and selection pressures using PAML and Datamonkey platforms.
- Screening of feline samples for FCoV presence.
Main Results:
- FCoV sequences from China formed a distinct clade with some Dutch sequences.
- Limited recombination breakpoints were detected across the analyzed genes.
- Positive selection was identified in specific sites of nsp12-nsp14, S, N, and 7b genes, including a key site distinguishing FIPV from FECV.
- A higher number of negatively selected sites were observed compared to positively selected sites across all analyzed genes.
Conclusions:
- FCoV genes involved in replication, entry, and virulence show evidence of adaptive evolution.
- The majority of FCoV protein sequences are conserved, essential for viral survival.
- Positively selected sites may contribute to FIPV pathogenesis and viral adaptation to adverse conditions.
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