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Simulating Imaging of Large Scale Radio Arrays on the Lunar Surface

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Phased Array Antenna Analysis Workflow Applied to Gateways for LEO Satellite Communications.

Irene Merino-Fernandez¹, Sunil L Khemchandani¹, Javier Del Pino¹

¹Institute for Applied Microelectronics, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Parque Cientifico Tecnologico, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|December 11, 2022

Summary

This study compares four major Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations, detailing gateway antenna design and electromagnetic simulations. It provides antenna size estimations for global internet access, exemplified by SpaceX

Keywords:

Low Earth Orbit constellations gateway patch antenna phased array satellite communications

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Area of Science:

Satellite Communications
Antenna Engineering
Electromagnetics

Background:

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) mega-constellations are crucial for global high-speed internet.
Four major LEO constellations (Telesat, SpaceX, OneWeb, Amazon) are analyzed.
Gateway antenna design is critical for effective satellite communication.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare four leading LEO mega-constellations.
To detail the gateway antenna design workflow, from patch antennas to phased arrays.
To estimate antenna sizes required for specific performance metrics like EIRP and gain.

Main Methods:

Comparative analysis of Telesat, SpaceX, OneWeb, and Amazon LEO constellations.
Development of patch antennas for transmission and reception.
Electromagnetic simulation using Advanced Design Software (ADS) Momentum.
Phased array modeling in SystemVue with hexagonal, circular, and square element arrangements.

Main Results:

Patch antenna radiation patterns were simulated and analyzed.
Phased array models were created for gateway applications.
Antenna sizes were estimated based on required EIRP and gain.
For SpaceX, a reception antenna with 8910 elements (hexagonal) achieved 46.9 dB gain and -113.1 dBm sensitivity.

Conclusions:

The study provides a comprehensive overview of LEO mega-constellation gateway antenna design.
Electromagnetic simulations validate the performance of designed antennas.
Antenna size estimations offer practical insights for LEO system development.