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Gain and phase shift are properties of linear circuits that describe the effect a circuit has on a sinusoidal input voltage or current. The circuit's behavior that contains reactive elements will depend on the frequency of the input sinusoid. As a result, it is observed that the gain and phase shift will all be frequency functions.
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In integrated circuit technology, a capacitance multiplier is often utilized to produce a larger capacitance value when a small physical capacitance falls short. This is achieved by a circuit that multiplies capacitance values by a factor of up to 1000, such that a 10-pF capacitor can replicate the performance of a 100-nF capacitor.
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The MOSFET, when operating in its active region, functions as a voltage-controlled current source. In this region, the gate-to-source voltage controls the drain current. This principle underlies the operation of the transconductance MOSFET amplifier. The output current is directed through a load resistor to convert this amplifier into a voltage amplifier. The output voltage is then obtained by subtracting the voltage drop across the load resistance from the supply voltage. This process results...
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A 17.8-20.2 GHz Compact Vector-Sum Phase Shifter in 130 nm SiGe BiCMOS Technology for LEO Gateways Receivers.

Javier Del Pino1, Sunil L Khemchandani1, Mario San-Miguel-Montesdeoca2

  • 1Institute for Applied Microelectronics (IUMA), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.

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Summary

A new compact vector modulator (VM) architecture for low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite gateways offers improved amplitude and precise 6-bit phase control. This novel design enhances phased array performance in the 17.8-20.2 GHz range.

Keywords:
SiGephased arrayvector modulator (VM)vector-sum phase shifter (VSPS)

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Area of Science:

  • RF and Microwave Engineering
  • Semiconductor Device Technology

Background:

  • Phased array antennas are critical for low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite communication gateways.
  • Existing vector modulators (VMs) can be bulky and may not meet the stringent performance requirements for next-generation LEO constellations.
  • Accurate amplitude and phase control is essential for beamforming in phased arrays.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel, compact vector modulator (VM) architecture.
  • To enable high-performance receive phased arrays for LEO satellite communication gateways operating in the 17.8-20.2 GHz band.
  • To demonstrate improved amplitude and precise phase control compared to conventional designs.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of a novel VM architecture using 130 nm SiGe BiCMOS technology.
  • Utilizing four concurrently active variable gain amplifiers (VGAs) switched to generate signal quadrants.
  • Characterization of phase and gain errors, and overall device footprint.

Main Results:

  • Achieved 6-bit phase control over 360° with low root mean square (RMS) phase error (2.36°) and gain error (1.46 dB).
  • Demonstrated double the output amplitude compared to conventional VM architectures.
  • The compact design occupies an area of 1309.4 μm × 1783.8 μm, including pads.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed compact VM architecture is suitable for LEO satellite gateway phased arrays.
  • The design offers significant advantages in terms of size, amplitude, and phase control accuracy.
  • This advancement supports the development of more efficient and capable LEO communication systems.