Topical ketoconazole for experimental Candida keratitis in rabbits

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Mycology
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Fungal keratitis, particularly Candida keratitis, is a significant cause of visual impairment.
• Current treatments for fungal keratitis can have limitations and side effects.
• Novel therapeutic strategies are needed to effectively manage fungal eye infections.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the efficacy of topical ketoconazole in treating experimental Candida keratitis.
• To assess the impact of ketoconazole on clinical signs, fungal clearance, and ocular inflammation.

Main Methods:

• A rabbit model of Candida albicans keratitis was established.
• Topical ketoconazole (2% ointment) was administered three times daily for three weeks to affected eyes.
• Control eyes were inoculated but untreated.
• Clinical scoring, corneal cultures, and histopathologic examinations were performed.

Main Results:

• Topical ketoconazole markedly reduced the severity of keratitis compared to control eyes.
• Clinical scores were significantly lower in ketoconazole-treated eyes.
• All treated eyes yielded negative fungal cultures by day 12, while controls remained positive.
• Histopathology revealed less severe inflammation in treated eyes.

Conclusions:

• Topical ketoconazole demonstrates significant efficacy in treating experimental Candida keratitis in rabbits.
• Ketoconazole promotes rapid fungal clearance and reduces ocular inflammation.
• These findings support the potential of topical ketoconazole as a therapeutic option for fungal keratitis.