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Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder in Athletes.

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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is prevalent in athletes. Diagnosis involves specific symptoms and functional impairments, with stimulant medication as a primary treatment.

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ADHDAthletesMental healthSports medicine

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Psychiatry
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Background:

  • Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder.
  • ADHD may be more prevalent in athletic populations compared to the general population.
  • Diagnostic criteria involve specific symptom counts, age of onset, and functional impairments across settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diagnosis and management of ADHD in athletes.
  • To discuss the implications of ADHD diagnosis within sports organizations.
  • To highlight future research directions concerning ADHD in elite athletes and its relation to concussion.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of ADHD diagnosis and treatment in athletic contexts.
  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria (DSM-5-TR) and sporting organization requirements.
  • Discussion of current and future research on ADHD in sports.

Main Results:

  • ADHD diagnosis requires at least six DSM-5-TR symptoms before age 12 impacting multiple life areas.
  • Sporting organizations have varied documentation requirements for ADHD diagnosis.
  • Stimulant medications are the primary treatment, supplemented by psychosocial interventions and exercise.

Conclusions:

  • ADHD is a relevant condition in athletes requiring specific diagnostic considerations.
  • Management involves pharmacotherapy and adjunctive strategies.
  • Further research is needed to understand ADHD prevalence in elite athletes and its link to concussion.