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Biological Effects of Radiation

Biological Effects of Radiation

All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they...

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INTENSITY OF OXIDATIVE PROCESSES IN BLOOD AND LEVEL OF APOPTOSIS IN BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES IN RADIOLOGISTS/X-RAY

O A Glavin¹, E A Domina¹, V S Ivankova²

¹R. E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 45 Vasylkivska Str., Kyiv, 03022, Ukraine.

Problemy Radiatsiinoi Medytsyny Ta Radiobiolohii

|December 28, 2023

Summary

Radiologists exposed to low-dose ionizing radiation show increased oxidative stress and reduced lymphocyte apoptosis. This shift in redox balance may increase the risk of genetic damage in these cells.

Keywords:

apoptosis indicators of oxidative metabolism ionizing radiation lymphocytes peripheral blood radiologists/X-ray techniques

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Area of Science:

Biomedical science
Occupational health
Radiation biology

Background:

Occupational exposure to low-dose ionizing radiation is common for radiologists and X-ray technologists.
Understanding the impact of such exposure on cellular health is crucial for worker safety.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate changes in peripheral blood redox status and lymphocyte apoptosis in professionals exposed to ionizing radiation.
To assess the potential health risks associated with occupational radiation exposure in medical imaging professionals.

Main Methods:

Analysis of blood samples from 45 radiologists/X-ray technologists and 52 healthy controls.
Measurement of malondialdehyde, sulfhydryl groups, catalase activity, superoxide anion radical generation, and lymphocyte apoptosis.

Main Results:

Professionals exhibited a 1.49-fold increase in malondialdehyde and a 1.67-fold decrease in sulfhydryl groups.
Superoxide anion radical production increased by 1.56 times, indicating a shift towards pro-oxidant processes.
Peripheral blood lymphocyte apoptosis decreased by 1.35 times in the exposed group, with correlations between apoptosis, free radical compounds, and radiation exposure.

Conclusions:

Low-dose ionizing radiation exposure alters blood redox balance, suggesting potential oxidative stress in radiologists.
Reduced lymphocyte apoptosis in exposed professionals may pose a risk for accumulating genetic damage.