Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality in Spine Surgery: A Comprehensive Review

Area of Science:

• Neurosurgery and Medical Technology
• Digital Health and Surgical Innovation

Background:

• Augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) are advanced visualization technologies with established applications across various fields.
• The integration of AR and VR into medical practice, particularly surgery, is rapidly evolving.
• Spine surgery presents unique opportunities for leveraging AR/VR due to its complexity and the need for precision.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the historical development and current applications of AR and VR in spine surgery.
• To examine the potential benefits of AR/VR for surgical training, patient education, surgical planning, and rehabilitation in spine care.
• To identify the challenges and future directions for AR/VR implementation in the field of spine surgery.

Main Methods:

• Systematic literature review of AR and VR applications in spine surgery.
• Analysis of current research on the utility of AR and VR in resident training, patient education, surgical planning, and rehabilitation.
• Discussion of technological challenges and future research avenues.

Main Results:

• AR/VR technologies have demonstrated utility in enhancing resident training through realistic simulations.
• Preoperative patient education is improved by AR/VR's ability to visualize surgical procedures.
• AR/VR aids in surgical planning and execution by providing real-time intraoperative guidance and data visualization.
• Potential for AR/VR in post-operative patient rehabilitation and recovery is being explored.

Conclusions:

• AR and VR technologies hold substantial promise for transforming various aspects of spine surgery.
• Overcoming current challenges in AR/VR implementation is crucial for widespread adoption in spine care.
• Continued research and development are essential to fully realize the potential of AR/VR in advancing spine surgery outcomes.