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Updated: May 15, 2025

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Multi-material Gradient Printing Using Meniscus-enabled Projection Stereolithography (MAPS).

Puskal Kunwar1,2, Arun Poudel1,2, Ujjwal Aryal1,2

  • 1Syracuse University, Biomedical, and Chemical Engineering Department, Syracuse, New York, 13210, USA.

Advanced Materials Technologies
|April 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new vat-free 3D printing method, Meniscus-enabled Projection Stereolithography (MAPS), enables waste-free, multi-material printing. This innovation allows for precise control over material properties in complex structures for diverse applications.

Keywords:
bioprintingdigital light processinggradient printingmeniscusmulti-material printingnano-material printing

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Area of Science:

  • Additive Manufacturing
  • Materials Science
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Light-based additive manufacturing offers high resolution for tissue engineering, soft robotics, photonics, and microfluidics.
  • Existing methods face challenges in multi-material printing, including hardware complexity, waste generation, and cross-contamination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel vat-free multi-material 3D printing platform: Meniscus-enabled Projection Stereolithography (MAPS).
  • To demonstrate MAPS's capability for waste-free printing of complex, multi-material 3D structures with user-defined material gradients.

Main Methods:

  • MAPS utilizes a resin meniscus generated between a crosslinked structure and a bottom window.
  • This method is vat-free and does not require specialized hardware, software, or complex post-processing.
  • Compatibility with a wide range of resins was assessed.

Main Results:

  • MAPS successfully printed lateral, vertical, discrete, and gradient multi-material 3D structures without waste.
  • The platform demonstrated microscale control over mechanical stiffness, opacity, surface energy, cell densities, and magnetic properties.
  • MAPS is compatible with diverse resins and various applications.

Conclusions:

  • MAPS offers a versatile and efficient solution for multi-material 3D printing.
  • This technology facilitates the creation of advanced materials with tailored properties for broad applications.
  • MAPS overcomes limitations of existing light-based additive manufacturing techniques.