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Autoimmune Retinopathy.
Fabiha Ahmed1, Stephen H Tsang2, Tarun Sharma3
1Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|July 30, 2025
Summary
Autoimmune retinopathies (AIRs) cause unexplained vision loss and photoreceptor dysfunction due to immune system attacks on the retina. Diagnosis involves identifying autoantibodies against retinal antigens and characteristic electroretinography findings.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Immunology
- Retinal Diseases
Background:
- Autoimmune retinopathies (AIRs) are inflammatory conditions causing progressive vision loss.
- They are characterized by photoreceptor dysfunction and circulating autoantibodies targeting retinal antigens.
Purpose of the Study:
- To define the clinical and diagnostic features of autoimmune retinopathies.
- To highlight the importance of identifying autoantibodies and ERG findings.
Main Methods:
- Clinical presentation review including visual loss, visual field defects, and fundus examination.
- Electrophysiological assessment using electroretinography (ERG).
- Serological testing for autoantibodies against retinal antigens.
Main Results:
- Patients exhibit central and peripheral vision loss, often with ring scotomas.
- ERG shows characteristic photoreceptor dysfunction.
- Presence of circulating autoantibodies against retinal antigens is a key diagnostic marker.
- Fundus findings can range from normal to showing vascular attenuation or retinal atrophy.
Conclusions:
- Autoimmune retinopathies are a distinct group of immune-mediated retinal diseases.
- Diagnosis relies on a combination of clinical symptoms, ERG, and serological evidence of autoantibodies.
- Early recognition is crucial for appropriate management.
