Competency-Based Precision Education in Anesthesiology: Transforming Training Through Individualized Learning

Competency-based medical education (CBME) represents a paradigm shift from time-based to outcomes-based training in anesthesiology, emphasizing individualized, precision education. This review outlines CBME's theoretical foundations, implementation frameworks such as the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Milestones and Entrustable Professional Activities, assessment methods, and enabling technologies. Evidence indicates improved educational outcomes, though challenges remain in standardization, faculty development, and resource allocation. Emerging tools including learning analytics, artificial intelligence, and adaptive learning platforms support individualized training that enhances competency achievement while offering practical guidance for educators.