Modifying the host response to injury. The future of trauma care

It is beyond the scope of this article to describe all of the contributions of molecular biology to increasing our understanding of the pathophysiology of inflammation and the response to injury. This review focuses on those aspects that are clinically relevant. In addition to providing quantities of recombinant proteins, recent advances in molecular and cellular biology have provided other tools to help differentiate the pathophysiology of the host response to injury and infection. Hybridoma technology has facilitated the development of specific antibodies that are used to block the activity of a specific factor or toxin. Receptor and signal transduction biology has provided further insight into the activity and function of various factors and mediators. Studies at the level of the gene have shed light on the phylogenic relationship among various factors. Transgenic animals can be used to determine the effects of excess factor production; conversely, genetic "knockouts" are useful in determining the pathophysiology associated with the absence of a particular factor. It is clear that as our understanding of the complex interactions leading to inflammation increases, we will be able to take advantage of this knowledge to more effectively treat patients.